At a workshop co-sponsored by CUSP and the Centre for Basic Research in Kampala, Uganda, it became dreadfully clear that urban areas in Africa are unprepared to accommodate the population growth expected in the coming years. The limited health infrastructure, the high cost of care, and the lack of adequate housing and sanitation services have already created nothing less than a health crisis. Through case studies of African cities, contributors demonstrate that local governments will need to ensure the delivery of basic urban services, promote health awareness, and reduce air and water pollution in order to improve the health of the urban poor in Africa.