University Curriculum Reading Materials:
Availability and Copyright Information

Amnesty International. Statute of Amnesty International. http://www.amnesty.org.

Appleby, Scott. The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence and Reconciliation.
Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming.

Axworthy, Lloyd. "Human Security: Safety for People in a Changing World." Ottawa, Canada: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, April 1999. http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/foreignp/HumanSecurity/secur-e.htm.

Baldwin, David A. Economic Statecraft. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.)

Barber, Benjamin R. "Fantasy of Fear." Harvard International Review. Winter 1997-1998, vol. 20, no. 1. pp. 66-71.

Barton, John and Melanie Greenberg. "Lessons of the Case Studies." in Greenberg, Melanie, John Barton and Margaret McGuinness, eds., Words Over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, forthcoming.

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. An Agenda for Peace, New York: United Nations Publications, 1995.

Boutros Boutros-Ghali, George Bush, Jimmy Carter, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Desmond Tutu, Essays on Leadership. Washington, DC: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, December 1998.

Boutwell, Jeffrey, and Michael T. Klare, eds., Light Weapons and Civil Conflict: Controlling the Tools of Violence. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999. pp. 9-27, 186-195, 217-230.

Boyce, James K. and Manuel Pastor, Jr. "Aid for Peace." World Policy Journal. Summer, 1998, vol. 15, no. 2. pp. 42-49.

Brimmer, Esther. "Third Time Right: Haiti." in Roderick von Lipsey, editor, Breaking the Cycle: A Framework for Conflict Intervention. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. pp. 173-194.

Brown, Michael E. "The Causes and Regional Dimensions of Internal Conflict." In Brown, Michael E. (ed). The International Dimensions of Internal Conflict. Cambridge, MA: Center for Science and International Affairs, 1996. pp. 571-602.

Brown, Michael E, editor. Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Brown, Michael E. and Šumit Ganguly, editors. Government Policies and Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.

Brown, Michael E. and Richard N. Rosecrance. The Costs of Conflict: Prevention and Cure in the Global Arena. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999.

Cahill, Kevin M. ed. Preventive Diplomacy: Stopping Wars Before They Start. New York: Basic Books, 1996.

Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. "Towards a Rapid Reaction Capability for the United Nations." September 1995. http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/english/news/newsletr/un/rap1.htm.

Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. Preventing Deadly Conflict: Final Report Washington, DC: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, 1997.

Carter, Ashton B. And William J. Perry. Preventive Defense: A New Security Strategy for America. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999.

The Carter Center. 1997-1998 State of World Conflict Report. Atlanta: The Carter Center, Conflict Resolution Program, 1998.

Chayes, Abram and Antonia Handler Chayes. eds. Preventing Conflict in the Post-Communist World. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1996.

Commission on Global Governance. Our Global Neighborhood. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995.)

Cortright, David. "Incentives and Cooperation in International Affairs." and "Incentives Strategies for Preventing Conflict." in Cortright, David., ed., The Price of Peace: Incentives and International Conflict Prevention. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997. pp.  3-18, 267-301, respectively.

Cortright, David, and George Lopez, eds. Economic Sanctions: Panacea or Peacebuilding in a Post-Cold War World?. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995.

The CQ Researcher. "Economic Sanctions: Can they replace combat in the post-Cold War era?" October 28, 1998.

Cranna, Michael. "What Is To Be Done? Policy Incentives for the International Community." in Cranna, Michael, ed. The True Cost of Conflict. Saferworld. New York: The New Press, 1994. pp. 197-202.

Crocker, Chester, and Fen Osler Hampson with Pamela Aall, eds, Managing Global Chaos: Sources of and Responses to International Conflict. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1996. pp. 53-93.

Damrosch, Lori Fisler. "‘Sovereignty’ and International Organizations." UC Davis Journal of International Law and Policy. Spring 1997. pp. 159+.

Davies, John L. and Ted Robert Gurr, eds. Preventive Measures: Building Risk Assessment and Crisis Early Warning Systems. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998. pp. 27-69, 186-218, 230-240.

Deng, Francis M., Sadikiel Kimaro, Terrence Lyons, Donald Rothchild and I. William Zartman. "Normative Framework for Sovereignty." in Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1996. pp. 1-33.

Deng, Francis. Protecting the Dispossessed: A Challenge for the International Community. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1993.

Diamond, Louise and John McDonald. Multi-Track Diplomacy: A Systems Approach to Peace. West, Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press, 1996.

Doyle, Michael and G. John Ikenberry, eds.. New Thinking in International Relations Theory. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997.

Eliasson, Jan. "Establishing Trust in the Healer: Preventive Diplomacy and the Future of the United Nations." in Cahill, Kevin M. ed. Preventive Diplomacy: Stopping Wars Before They Start. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1996. pp. 318-343.

Esman, Milton J. "Economic Performance and Ethnic Conflict." In Montville, Joseph V., ed., Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies. New York: Lexington Books, 1991, pp. 477-490.

Evans, Gareth. "Cooperative Security and Intra-state Conflict." Foreign Policy. Fall 1994, no. 96. pp. 3-20.

Feil, Scott. Preventing Genocide: How the Early Use of Force Might Have Succeeded in Rwanda. Washington, DC: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, April 1998.

Foran, Virginia and Leonard S. Spector. "The Application of Incentives to Nuclear Proliferation." in Cortright, David., ed., The Price of Peace: Incentives and International Conflict Prevention. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997. pp. 21-53.

Foreign Affairs. "75th Anniversary: The World Ahead." Foreign Affairs. September/October 1997, vol. 76, no. 5. Entire edition.

Forum on Early Warning and Early Response (FEWER). A Manual for Early Warning and Early Response. London: Forum on Early Warning and Early Response, 1998.

Freedman, Lawrence. "International Security: Changing Targets." Foreign Policy. Spring 1998, no. 110. pp. 48-63.

Frye, Alton. Toward An International Criminal Court?. New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations, 1999.

George, Alexander L. and Jane E. Holl. The Warning-Response Problem and Missed Opportunities in Preventive Diplomacy. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, May 1997.

Gjelten, Tom. Professionalism in War Reporting. A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York, 1998.

Goldring, Natalie. "Bridging the Gap: Light and Major Conventional Weapons in Recent Conflicts." London: British American Security Information Council, 1997.

Goldstone, Richard J. "Justice as a Tool for Peace-Making: Truth Commissions and International Criminal Tribunals." New York University Journal of International Law & Politics. Spring 1996, vol. 28, no. 3. pp. 485+.

Goodpaster, Andrew. When Diplomacy is not Enough: Managing Multinational Military Interventions. Washington, DC: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, July 1996.

Gowing, Nik. Media Coverage: Help or Hindrance? A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York, 1997.

Green, Rosario. "Preventive Diplomacy: Women and Men in Partnership for Healthier Society." in Cahill, Kevin M. ed. Preventive Diplomacy: Stopping Wars Before They Start. New York: Basic Books, 1996. pp. 87-99.

Gurr, Ted Robert, and Barbara Harff. Ethnic Conflict and World Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994.

Gurr, Ted Robert. Minorities At Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1993.

Haass, Richard. Intervention. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1994.

Haass, Richard N. "Sanctioning Madness." Foreign Affairs. November/December 1997, vol. 76, no 6. pp. 74-85.

Hamburg, David. Education for Conflict Resolution. New York, NY: Carnegie Corporation of New York, 1994.

Hamburg, David and Jane E. Holl. "Preventing Deadly Conflict: From Global Housekeeping to Neighborhood Watch." in Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. pp. 366-381.

Hassner, Pierre. "Morally Objectionable, Politically Dangerous." in The National Interest. Washington, D.C. Winter 1996/97. pp. 63-69.

Helms, Jesse. "Saving the UN: A Challenge to the Next Secretary-General." Foreign Affairs. September/October 1996, vol. 75, no. 5. pp. 2-7.

Henkin, Louis. "Use of Force: Law and US Policy." Right v. Might: International Law and the Use of Force. 2nd Edition. Council on Foreign Relations. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1991. Pages 37-69.

Hermann, Margaret G. and Joe D. Hagan. "International Decision Making: Leadership Matters." Foreign Policy, Spring 1998, no. 110. pp. 124-135.

Hirst, Paul and Grahame Thompson. Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance. Cambridge, MA: Policy Press, 1996.

Hoffman, Bruce. "Is Europe Soft on Terrorism?" Foreign Policy. Summer 1999, no. 115. pp. 62-76.

Hoffman, Bruce and Paul Wilkinson, with Suzanne M. Neilson, A Violent Trajectory: How Terrorist Campaigns Evolve into Insurgencies. Washington, D.C.: Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming.

Holl, Jane E. "From Whence Commeth Our Help: Toward an International Duty to Rescue." Available on Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict website at www.ccpdc.org.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. and Jessica Blitt. Ecoviolence: Links Among Environment, Population and Security. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998. pp. 1-15.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. and Valerie Percival. Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflicts: Briefing Book. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas F., Jeffrey H. Boutwell and George W. Rathjens. "Environmental Change and Violent Conflict" Scientific American. February 1993, pp. 38-45.

Human Rights Law Program, Harvard Law School and the World Peace Foundation. Truth Commissions; A Comparative Assessment. An Interdisciplinary Discussion Held at Harvard Law School, May 1996. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, 1997.

Human Rights Watch. Annual Report 1998. http://www.hrw.org.

Huntington, Samuel P. "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs. Summer 1993, vol 72, no. 3. pp. 22-49.

Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

Huntington, Samuel P. "If Not Civilizations, What?" Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World. Foreign Affairs. November/December, 1993, vol. 72, no. 5. pp. 186-194.

Ignatieff, Michael. Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1993.

International Committee of the Red Cross. Annual Report 1996. http://www.icrc.org.

International Monetary Fund. Annual Report of the Executive Board for the Financial Year Ended April 30, 1998. http://www.imf.org.

Jentleson, Bruce W. "Preventive Diplomacy: Analytical Conclusions and Policy Lessons." in Jentleson, Bruce W. ed., Opportunities Missed, Opportunities Seized: Preventive Diplomacy in the Post-Cold War World. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield, October 1999.

Johnston, Douglas. "Looking Ahead Toward a New Paradigm." in Johnston, Douglas and Cynthia Sampson, eds., Religion: The Missing Dimension of Statecraft. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1994. pp. 316-337.

Joulwan, George A. and Christopher C. Shoemaker. Civilian-Military Cooperation in the Prevention of Deadly Conflict. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, December 1998.

Kaul, Inge, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern. "Defining Global Public Goods." in Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern, eds., Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. pp. 2-19.

Kennedy, Donald. Environmental Quality and Regional Conflict. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, December 1998.

Kritz, Neil J. ed. Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1995.

Kull, Steven and Clay Ramsay. "U.S. Public Attitudes on Involvement in Somalia." Program on International Policy Attitudes. Center for the Study of Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies. University of Maryland, October 26, 1993.

Kull, Steven. "What the Public Knows That Washington Doesn’t." Foreign Policy, Winter 1995-1996, no. 101. pp. 102-115.

Laqueur, Walter Ze'ev. Terrorism. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977.

Loescher, Gil and Alan Dowty. "Refugee Flows as Grounds for International Action." in Brown, Michael E, Owen R. Coté, Jr., Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller, eds. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996-97. pp. 305-333.

Lund, Michael S. "Underrating Preventive Diplomacy." Foreign Affairs. July/August 1995, vol. 74, no. 4. pp. 160-163.

Luttwak, Edward. "Give War a Chance." Foreign Affairs. July/August, 1999, vol. 78, no. 4. pp. 36-44.

Lute, Douglas E. Improving National Capacity to Respond to Complex Emergencies: The U.S. Experience. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, April 1998.

Machel, Graça. Impact of Armed Conflict on Children. New York: UN Department of Public Information, 1996.

Maren, Michael. The Road to Hell: The Ravaging Effects of Foreign Aid and International Charity. New York, NY: Free Press, 1997.

Matthews, Jessica. "Power Shift." Foreign Affairs. January/February 1997, vol. 76, no. 1. pp. 50-66.

McDonald, John and Diane B. Bendahmane, eds. Conflict Resolution: Track Two Diplomacy. Washington, DC: Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Department of State, 1987.

Médecins Sans Frontières. The Charter of Médecins Sans Frontières. http://www.msf.org.

Minear, Larry and Thomas G. Weiss. Mercy Under Fire: War and the Global Humanitarian Community. Boulder: Westview, 1995.

Montville, Joseph V. Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies. New York, NY: Lexington Books, 1991. Section 1: The Varieties of Ethnic Conflict Analysis. pp. 1-130.

Ndikumana, Leonce. "Institutional Failure and Ethnic Conflict in Burundi." African Studies Review. April 1998, vol. 41, no.1. pages 29-47.

Neumann, Johanna. Lights, Camera, War: Is Media Technology Driving International Politics? New Work: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.

Nolan, Janne E. and John D. Steinbruner. "A Transition Strategy for the 1990s." in Janne E. Nolan, Ed., Global Engagement: Cooperation and Security in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994. pp. 573-93.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The North Atlantic Treaty. http://www.nato.int.

Notter, James and John McDonald. "Track Two Diplomacy: Nongovernmental Strategies for Peace." U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda. http://www.usia.gov, December 1996, vol. 1, no. 19.

Nye, Joseph, Jr. "Redefining the National Interest." Foreign Affairs. July/August 1999, vol. 78, no. 4. pp. 22-35.

Oakley, Robert B., Michael J. Dziedzic, and Eliot M. Goldberg. Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 1998. pp. 1-40, 253-314.

Organization of American States. Charter of the Organization of American States. http://www.oas.org.

Organization of African Unity. The Charter. http://www.oau-oua.org.

Peck, Connie. Sustainable Peace: The Role of the UN and Regional Organizations in Preventing Conflict. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998, pp. 100-183.

Posen, Barry R. "Military Responses to Refugee Disasters." in Brown, Michael E, Owen R. Coté, Jr., Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller, eds. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997. pp. 334-373.

Posen, Barry. "The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict." Survival. Spring, 1993, vol. 35, no. 1. pp 27-47.

RAND. Countering the New Terrorism. Washington, D.C.: RAND, 1999.

Reilly, John E. ed. American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1999. Chicago, IL: The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1999.

Renner, Michael. Fighting for Survival: Environmental Decline, Social Conflict, and the New Age of Insecurity. New York, NY: Norton, 1996.

Riggs, Fred W. "The Modernity of Ethnic Identity and Conflict." International Political Science Review. July 1998. pp. 269-288.

Roberts, Adam and Benedict Kinsbury, eds. United Nations, Divided World: The UN’s Roles in International Relations. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Second edition. pp. 1-62.

Rodrik, Dani. Has Globalization Gone Too Far? Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1997.

Rotberg, Robert I. "Conclusions: NGOs, Early Warning, Early Action and Preventive Diplomacy." In Rotberg, Robert I., ed. Vigilance and Vengeance: NGOs Preventing Ethnic Conflict in Divided Societies. Washington, D.C.: The Brooking Institution Press, 1996. pp. 283-288.

Rubin, Barnett R. Cases and Strategies for Preventive Action. New York: The Century Foundation Press, 1998.

Rubin, Barry. "Religion and International Affairs." in Johnston, Douglas and Cynthia Sampson, eds., Religion: The Missing Dimension of Statecraft. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1994. pp. 20-34.

Sadowski, Yahya. "Ethnic Conflict." Foreign Policy. Summer 1998, no. 111. pp. 12-23.

Schweizer, Peter and John Tirman. "Q: Should the United States allow arms to flow to the Kosovo rebels?; No: Arming 'Freedom Fighters' in Kosovo Won't Avert Bloodshed or Lead to More Democracy. Insight on the News. May 3, 1999. pp. 24-27.

Sellström, Tom and Lennart Wohlgemuth. Rebuilding Post-War Rwanda. The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons Learned from the Rwanda Experience, Study 1: Historical Perspective: Some Explanatory Factors. Odense, Sweden: Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, March 1996. pp. 19-20, 36-39.

Sen, Amartya. The Standard of Living. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Shearer, David. "Outsourcing War." Foreign Policy. Fall 1998, no. 112. pp. 68-81.

Silajdzic, Haris. "Since the UN Can't Protect Us, Lift the Arms Embargo; Bosnia-Herzegovina. " New Perspectives Quarterly. June 22, 1995, Vol. 12,; No. 3. p. 38.

Slaughter, Anne-Marie. "The Real New World Order." Foreign Affairs. September/October, 1997, vol. 76, no. 5. pp. 183-197.

Smillie, Ian. "NGOs and Development Assistance: A Change in Mind-Set?" Third World Quarterly September, 1997, vol. 18, no. 3. pp 563-577.

Stedman, Stephen John. "Alchemy for a New World Order: Overselling ‘Preventive Diplomacy.’" Foreign Affairs. May 1995. pp. 14-20.

Stern, Jessica. The Ultimate Terrorists. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1999. pp. 107-127.

Stremlau, John. Sharpening International Sanctions: Toward a Stronger Role for the United Nations. Washington, DC: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, November 1996.

Stremlau, John and Francisco Sagasti. Preventing Deadly Conflict: Does the World Bank Have a Role? Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, July 1998.

Stremlau, John and Helen Zille. A House No Longer Divided. Washington, DC: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, July 1997.

Tirman, John. "Forces of Civility: The NGO Revolution and the Search for Peace." Boston Review. December/January 1998-99, vol. 23.

United Nations. Charter of the United Nations. The United Nations Department of Public Information. New York: 1997.

United Nations. Comprehensive Report on Lessons Learned from the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR). Department of Peacekeeping Affairs. October 1993-April 1996. http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/lessons/rwanda.htm. Paras. 125-147.

United Nations. "Protection of Children Affected by Armed Conflict." Report by Olara Otunnu, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict. United Nations General Assembly. A/53/482, October 12, 1998.

United Nations, "Report of the Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms," Report #A/52/298 from the secretary-general to the UN General Assembly, August 27, 1997. p. 21.

United Nations. Statute of the International Court of Justice. New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1997.

United Nations. Statute of the International Criminal Court. http://www.un.org, 17 July 1998.

United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, DPI/876. New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1995.

United Nations General Assembly. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. http://www.un.org, 12 January 1951, No.1021.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 1998 Global Report. http://www.unhcr.ch.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The State of the World’s Refugees 1997-98: A Humanitarian Agenda. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

United Nations Security Council Resolutions 661, 670, 700, 706, 712 and 986. http://wwwun.org/Docs/scres/

United Nations Security Council Resolutions 752, 757, 787 and 820. http://wwwun.org/Docs/scres/

United Nations Security Council Resolutions 748 and 883. http://wwwun.org/Docs/scres/

Van Evera, Stephen, and Daniel Byman, "Contemporary Deadly Conflict: Causes and Prospects" Security Studies, Spring 1998. pp. 1-50.

Vance, Cyrus and David A. Hamburg. Pathfinders for Peace: A Report to the UN Secretary-General on the Role of Special Representatives and Personal Envoys. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, September 1997.

Vasquez, John A., ed. Classics of International Relations. Third Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996.

Walt, Stephen M. "Building Up New Bogeymen." Foreign Policy. Spring, 1997, no. 106. pp. 177-189.

Walt, Stephen M. "One World, Many Theories." Foreign Policy. Spring 1998, no. 110. pp. 29-46.

Waltz, Kenneth N. Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.

The World Bank. Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn’t, and Why. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998.

The World Bank. Priorities and Strategies for Education. A World Bank Review. Washington, D.C.: International bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1995. pp. 19-31.

The World Bank Group. The World Bank Annual Report 1998. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1998.

The World Bank Group. World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: The World Bank Group, 1999.

Zartman, I. William. "Lessons for Theory." in Zartman, I. William. ed., Negotiating to Prevent Escalation and Violence. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield, forthcoming.